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The platelet increment is also known as the absolute count increment and count increment. [5] [10] PI = post-transfusion platelet count - pre-transfusion platelet count However, it is affected by the number of platelets given in the transfusion (platelet dose) and the patient's blood volume.
Higher platelet transfusion thresholds have been used in premature neonates, but this has been based on limited evidence. [19] There is now evidence that using a high platelet count threshold (50 x 10 9 /L) increases the risk of death or bleeding compared to a lower platelet count threshold (25 x 10 9 /L) in premature neonates. [20]
In a typical set of rules, a platelet donor must weigh at least 50 kg (110 lb) and have a platelet count of at least 150 x 10 9 /L (150,000 platelets per mm³). [2] One unit has greater than 3×10 11 platelets. Therefore, it takes 2 liters of blood having a platelet count of 150,000/mm³ to produce one unit of platelets.
Prevention includes gamma irradiation of the lymphocyte-containing blood components such as red blood cells, platelets and granulocytes. Irradiated blood components should be issued in the following situations: [7] Intrauterine transfusions; Prematurity, low birthweight, or erythroblastosis fetalis in newborns; Congenital immunodeficiencies
For apheresis platelet donation the donor's pre platelet count should be above 150 x 10^9/L. For apheresis plasma donation, the donor's total protein level should be greater than 60 g/L. For double red cell apheresis, donors of either gender require a minimum hemoglobin level of 14.0 g/dl.
The diagnosis of NAIT is usually made after an incidental finding of a low platelet count on a blood test or because of bleeding complications ranging from bruising or petechiae to intracranial hemorrhage in the fetus or newborn. [6] Frequently, the reduction in platelet count is mild and the affected neonates remain largely asymptomatic. [6]
Platelet concentration in the blood (i.e. platelet count), can be measured manually using a hemocytometer, or by placing blood in an automated platelet analyzer using particle counting, such as a Coulter counter or optical methods. [47] Most common blood testing methods include platelet count in their measurements, usually reported as PLT. [48]
The blood may also be irradiated, which destroys the DNA in the white cells and prevents graft versus host disease, which may happen if the blood donor and recipient are closely related, and is also important for immunocompromised patients. Other modifications, such as washing the RBCs to remove any remaining plasma, are much less common.