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Pyroelectric biosensors generate an electric current as a result of a temperature change. This differential induces a polarization in the substance, producing a dipole moment in the direction of the temperature gradient. The result is a net voltage across the material. This net voltage can be calculated by the following equation. [6]
Bio-FETs couple a transistor device with a bio-sensitive layer that can specifically detect bio-molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. A Bio-FET system consists of a semiconducting field-effect transistor that acts as a transducer separated by an insulator layer (e.g. SiO 2) from the biological recognition element (e.g. receptors or probe molecules) which are selective to the target ...
In rat liver, the total amount of NAD + and NADH is approximately 1 μmole per gram of wet weight, about 10 times the concentration of NADP + and NADPH in the same cells. [17] The actual concentration of NAD + in cell cytosol is harder to measure, with recent estimates in animal cells ranging around 0.3 mM , [ 18 ] [ 19 ] and approximately 1.0 ...
The biosensor reader device connects with the associated electronics or signal processors that are primarily responsible for the display of the results in a user-friendly way. [5] This sometimes accounts for the most expensive part of the sensor device, however it is possible to generate a user friendly display that includes transducer and ...
Upon hybridization of the miRNA target with its complementary probe sequence, voltammetric miRNA biosensors detect the change in current based on a controlled increase or decrease in electric potential on the detection platform. Amperometric-based biosensors detect the change in electric current at a fixed positive electric potential. [1]
The biosensors are disposable, resulting in low costs and high commercial availability. [11] Biosensor selection is determined by the desired test results: kinetic analysis, quantitative analysis, or both. [12] Most commercially available biosensor types will be grouped into one of these three categories by the BLI manufacturer. [1]
Electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) biosensors is a device that takes advantage of the electrochemical and biological properties of aptamers to take real time, in vivo measurements. An electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) biosensor generates an electrochemical signal in response to specific target binding in vivo [ 3 ] The signal is measured ...
In conductometric biosensors, changes in electrical impedance between two electrodes are measured as a result of a biomolecular reaction. [11] Conductive measurements are simple and easy to use because there is no need for a specific reference electrode, and have been used to detect biochemicals, toxins , nucleic acids , and bacterial cells .