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  2. Taxing and Spending Clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause

    Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. and were ruled to be subject to the requirement of apportionment. [43] As the income taxes imposed under the 1894 Act were not apportioned in such a manner, they were held unconstitutional. It was not the income tax per se, but the lack of a provision for its apportionment as a direct tax which made the tax ...

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    Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!

  4. What is a mortgage proof of funds letter? - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/mortgage-proof-funds-letter...

    Provide the letter to the seller: As soon as you receive the proof of funds letter, pass copies along to your lender and the seller. As with all of your mortgage documents , keep another copy of ...

  5. Apportionment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apportionment

    The Apportionment Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 35) extends to payments not made under any instrument in writing (section 2), but not to annual sums made payable in policies of insurance (section 6). Apportionment under the act can be excluded by express stipulation. [2] The apportionment created by this statute is "apportionment in respect of time."

  6. Apportionment (OMB) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apportionment_(OMB)

    An apportionment is an Office of Management and Budget-approved plan to use budgetary resources (31 U.S.C. §§ 1513–b; Executive Order 11541). [1] It typically limits the obligations the federal government may incur for specified time periods, programs, activities, projects, objects, etc. [1] An apportionment is legally binding, and obligations and expenditures (disbursements) that exceed ...

  7. Mathematics of apportionment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_of_apportionment

    An apportionment method is denoted by a multivalued function (,); a particular -solution is a single-valued function (,) which selects a single apportionment from (,). A partial apportionment method is an apportionment method for specific fixed values of n {\displaystyle n} and h {\displaystyle h} ; it is a multivalued function M ∗ ( t ...

  8. Quota method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quota_method

    When using the Hare quota, this rule is called Hamilton's method, and is the third-most common apportionment rule worldwide (after Jefferson's method and Webster's method). [ 1 ] Despite their intuitive definition, quota methods are generally disfavored by social choice theorists as a result of apportionment paradoxes .

  9. Optimal apportionment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_apportionment

    Optimal apportionment is an approach to apportionment that is based on mathematical optimization. In a problem of apportionment, there is a resource to allocate, denoted by h {\displaystyle h} . For example, it can be an integer representing the number of seats in a h ouse of representatives.