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  2. History of cryptography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cryptography

    It is commonly accepted that this paper was the starting point for development of modern cryptography. Shannon was inspired during the war to address "[t]he problems of cryptography [because] secrecy systems furnish an interesting application of communication theory". Shannon identified the two main goals of cryptography: secrecy and authenticity.

  3. Timeline of cryptography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cryptography

    1989 – Quantum cryptography experimentally demonstrated in a proof-of-the-principle experiment by Charles Bennett et al. 1991 – Phil Zimmermann releases the public key encryption program PGP along with its source code, which quickly appears on the Internet. 1994 – Bruce Schneier's Applied Cryptography is published.

  4. Cryptography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography

    Cryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized: kryptós "hidden, secret"; and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία-logia, "study", respectively [1]), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. [2]

  5. Outline of cryptography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_cryptography

    The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cryptography: Cryptography (or cryptology) – practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic ...

  6. Encryption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryption

    Historically, various forms of encryption have been used to aid in cryptography. Early encryption techniques were often used in military messaging. Since then, new techniques have emerged and become commonplace in all areas of modern computing. [1] Modern encryption schemes use the concepts of public-key and symmetric-key. [1]

  7. Kerckhoffs's principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerckhoffs's_principle

    This concept is widely embraced by cryptographers, in contrast to security through obscurity, which is not. Kerckhoffs's principle was phrased by American mathematician Claude Shannon as "the enemy knows the system", [1] i.e., "one ought to design systems under the assumption that the enemy will immediately gain full familiarity with them".

  8. Cryptosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptosystem

    Mathematically, a cryptosystem or encryption scheme can be defined as a tuple (,,,,) with the following properties.. is a set called the "plaintext space". Its elements are called plaintexts.; is a set called the "ciphertext space". Its elements are called ciphertexts.; is a set called the "key space". Its elements are called keys.; = {:} is a set of functions :. Its elements are called ...

  9. Cryptanalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis

    Cryptanalysis has coevolved together with cryptography, and the contest can be traced through the history of cryptography—new ciphers being designed to replace old broken designs, and new cryptanalytic techniques invented to crack the improved schemes. In practice, they are viewed as two sides of the same coin: secure cryptography requires ...