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In SGML, HTML and XML documents, the logical constructs known as character data and attribute values consist of sequences of characters, in which each character can manifest directly (representing itself), or can be represented by a series of characters called a character reference, of which there are two types: a numeric character reference and a character entity reference.
HTML 4.0 Character Entity References—shows how the named and decimal character references look in one's browser FileFormat.Info —details of many Unicode characters, including the named, decimal and hexadecimal character reference, showing how it should look and for each, how it looks in one's browser
Character entity references can also have the format &name; where name is a case-sensitive alphanumeric string. For example, "λ" can also be encoded as λ in an HTML document. The character entity references <, >, " and & are predefined in HTML and SGML, because <, >, " and & are already used to
Although any character can be referenced using a numeric character reference, a character entity reference allows characters to be referenced by name instead of code point. For example, HTML 4 has 252 built-in character entities that do not need to be explicitly declared, while XML has five.
Character entities can be included in an HTML document via the use of entity references, which take the form &EntityName;, where EntityName is the name of the entity. For example, —, much like — or —, represents U+2014: the em dash character "—" even if the character encoding used doesn't contain that character. For the ...
These entities are a bit different from normal parsed entities, because when a named character entity reference is encountered in the document, the reference is also replaced immediately by the character content defined in the entity, but the parsing continues after the replacement text, which is immediately inserted literally in the currently ...
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... end-- Wrapper to let us replace Template:UTF-8 and Template: ... [List of XML and HTML character entity ...
For some XML parsing models, none of them (except the five XML entities) are usable. In others, the HTML DTD is parsed (or assumed) and the HTML entities are permissible. But which set of entities? In particular, HTML5 doesn't indicate the DTD to be used (it's implicit, by defined HTML5 behaviour outside the normal XML or SGML parsing models).