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Primary hyperparathyroidism (or PHPT) is a medical condition where the parathyroid gland (or a benign tumor within it) produce excess amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH). ). The symptoms of the condition relate to the resulting elevated serum calcium (hypercalcemia), which can cause digestive symptoms, kidney stones, psychiatric abnormalities, and bone dis
Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common type. [1] Certain exposures increase the risk of developing primary hyperparathyroidism such as sex and age. It occurs three times more often in women than men and is often diagnosed between the ages of 50 and 60 but is not uncommon before then. [2] The disease was first described in the 1700s. [32]
This is called hyperparathyroidism; it leads to hypercalcemia, kidney stones, osteoporosis, and various other symptoms. Hyperparathyroidism was first described in 1925 and the symptoms have collectively become known as "moans, groans, stones, and bones." By far, the most common symptom is fatigue, but depression, memory loss, and bone aches are ...
Hyperparathyroidism is most commonly caused by a benign proliferation of chief cells in one parathyroid gland, and rarely in MEN syndrome. This is known as primary hyperparathyroidism, [13] which is generally managed by surgical removal of the abnormal parathyroid gland. [14]
The main symptoms of a hypercalcaemic crisis are oliguria or anuria, as well as somnolence or coma. [10] After recognition, primary hyperparathyroidism should be proved or excluded. [10] In extreme cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, removal of the parathyroid gland after surgical neck exploration is the only way to avoid death. [10]
Parathyroidectomy is the surgical removal of one or more of the (usually) four parathyroid glands.This procedure is used to remove an adenoma or hyperplasia of these glands when they are producing excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH): hyperparathyroidism.
The standard of treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism was formerly a surgical technique called bilateral neck exploration, in which the neck was opened on both sides, the parathyroids were identified, and the affected tissue was removed. [10] By the 1980s, unilateral exploration became more common. [10]
Cinacalcet, sold under the brand name Sensipar among others, is a medication used to treat primary hyperparathyroidism, tertiary hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid carcinoma. [ 4 ] [ 6 ] [ 5 ] Cinacalcet acts as a calcimimetic (i.e., it mimics the action of calcium on tissues ) by allosteric activation of the calcium-sensing receptor that is ...