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The main physical phenomenon of the vortex tube is the temperature separation between the cold vortex core and the warm vortex periphery. The "vortex tube effect" is fully explained with the work equation of Euler, [ 3 ] also known as Euler's turbine equation, which can be written in its most general vectorial form as: [ 4 ]
In general, vortex lines (in particular, the axis line) are either closed loops or end at the boundary of the fluid. A whirlpool is an example of the latter, namely a vortex in a body of water whose axis ends at the free surface. A vortex tube whose vortex lines are all closed will be a closed torus-like surface. A newly created vortex will ...
Each vortex creates a circular (ring) flow field whose axis varies slightly from the vertical as it passes. The figure suggests that the main component of the force on the physical ring is in the direction of the jet flow. If the vortex is a true ring (all parts are in phase), a dipole sound field directed along the jet axis is created.
A vortex tube is the surface in the continuum formed by all vortex lines passing through a given (reducible) closed curve in the continuum. The 'strength' of a vortex tube (also called vortex flux ) [ 10 ] is the integral of the vorticity across a cross-section of the tube, and is the same everywhere along the tube (because vorticity has zero ...
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The polar vortex is a large storm that dwells in the middle and upper parts of the atmosphere and typically resides around the Arctic Circle.
More simply, vortex lines move with the fluid. Also vortex lines and tubes must appear as a closed loop, extend to infinity or start/end at solid boundaries. Fluid elements initially free of vorticity remain free of vorticity. Helmholtz's theorems have application in understanding: Generation of lift on an airfoil; Starting vortex; Horseshoe vortex
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