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Vortex tubes are used for cooling of cutting tools (lathes and mills, both manually-operated and CNC machines) during machining. The vortex tube is well-matched to this application: machine shops generally already use compressed air, and a fast jet of cold air provides both cooling and removal of the chips produced by the tool.
While studying the flow of air through the pump, he inserted a cone at one end of a tube in which air was flowing in the form of a vortex, and he noticed what is now called the Ranque effect; namely, that a stream of air could be split into two streams, one of hot air and the other of cold air. In 1931, he filed for a patent on his vortex tube ...
In general, vortex lines (in particular, the axis line) are either closed loops or end at the boundary of the fluid. A whirlpool is an example of the latter, namely a vortex in a body of water whose axis ends at the free surface. A vortex tube whose vortex lines are all closed will be a closed torus-like surface. A newly created vortex will ...
Cold subsides when the vortex restabilizes and drives the arctic air back north. January’s freeze-out comes after December started cold, but finished out unusually warm across most of the country.
A polar vortex is “a large area of low pressure and cold air” that can expand during the winter months, “sending cold air southward with the jet stream,” according to the NWS.
The general form for the Reynolds number flowing through a tube of radius r (or diameter d): = = where v is the velocity of the fluid, ρ is its density, r is the radius of the tube, and μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid. A turbulent flow in a fluid is defined by the critical Reynolds number, for a closed pipe this works out to approximately
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