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Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society". [1] According to the World Health Organization, an explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future; it outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs people.
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Health policy and systems research (HPSR) is a field of inquiry that studies "how societies organize themselves in achieving collective health goals, and how different actors interact in the policy and implementation processes to contribute to policy outcomes". [1]
The central government of India periodically publishes a National Health Policy (NHP) to guide future health programs. In 1979 the Journal of the Indian Medical Association published a review of the policy. [1] There has been 3 NHPs by Government Of India. The three NHPs are- NHP (1983), NHP (2002) and NHP (2017). [citation needed]
The five control knobs for health-sector reform. In "Getting Health Reform Right: A Guide to Improving Performance and Equity," [2] Marc Roberts, William Hsiao, Peter Berman, and Michael Reich of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health aim to provide decision-makers with tools and frameworks for health care system reform.
A key issue that health politics engages with is the apolitical nature of health within academia, health professions, and wider society. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] As an interdisciplinary area of study, it is seen as under-researched, with literature focusing on the social and cultural determinants of health at the lack of political ones.
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Environmental health risk factors include: climate change, air and water pollution, some chemicals and biological agents, noise, radiation, unsafe workplaces, poor agricultural practices and built environments. [3] Environmental health policy can be implemented at many levels of government, including the municipal, state and international ...