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  2. Grating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grating

    A grating can be defined by six parameters: Spatial frequency is the number of cycles occupying a particular distance (e.g. 10 line pairs per millimeter). The period of the grating is the inverse of the spatial frequency, measured in distance (e.g. 0.1 mm). Duty Cycle is the relative thickness of high and low lines. The duty cycle is the ratio ...

  3. Grating lobes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grating_lobes

    A typical radiation pattern of phased arrays whose inter-element spacing is greater than half a wavelength, hence the radiation pattern has grating lobes.. For discrete aperture antennas (such as phased arrays) in which the element spacing is greater than a half wavelength, a spatial aliasing effect allows plane waves incident to the array from visible angles other than the desired direction ...

  4. Crystallography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallography

    Biology [ edit ] X-ray crystallography is the primary method for determining the molecular conformations of biological macromolecules , particularly protein and nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA .

  5. Diffraction grating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction_grating

    A blazed diffraction grating reflecting only the green portion of the spectrum from a room's fluorescent lighting. For a diffraction grating, the relationship between the grating spacing (i.e., the distance between adjacent grating grooves or slits), the angle of the wave (light) incidence to the grating, and the diffracted wave from the grating is known as the grating equation.

  6. Fiber Bragg grating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_Bragg_grating

    Typically the grating period is the same size as the Bragg wavelength, as shown above. For a grating that reflects at 1,500 nm, the grating period is 500 nm, using a refractive index of 1.5. Longer periods can be used to achieve much broader responses than are possible with a standard FBG. These gratings are called long-period fiber grating ...

  7. Blazed grating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blazed_grating

    A special form of a blazed grating is the echelle grating. It is characterized by particularly large blaze angle (>45°). Therefore, the light hits the short legs of the triangular grating lines instead of the long legs. Echelle gratings are mostly manufactured with larger line spacing but are optimized for higher diffraction orders.

  8. Immigration advocates gear up to fight Trump promises in ...

    www.aol.com/immigration-advocates-gear-fight...

    Joaquín García, the organization’s director of community organizing, said he’s noticed more fear and uncertainty in this border community since the election, especially after Trump’s ...

  9. X-ray crystallography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography

    A powder X-ray diffractometer in motion. X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions.