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The period also witnessed large-scale migration that helped consolidate the Iban as one of the dominant ethnic groups in Sarawak today. The expansion of the Iban was not merely a physical relocation, but also a cultural and demographic shift, with their customs, language and traditions spreading throughout the western Borneo region.
The Dayak (/ ˈ d aɪ. ə k / ⓘ; older spelling: Dajak) or Dyak or Dayuh are one of the native groups of Borneo. [4] It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic groups, located principally in the central and southern interior of Borneo, each with its own dialect, customs, laws, territory, and culture, although common distinguishing traits are readily identifiable.
Ritual textiles woven by Iban women are used in the Bird Festival and in the past used to receive trophy heads. The ritual textiles have specific engkeramba (anthropomorphic) motifs that represent igi balang (trophy head), tiang ranyai (shrine pole), cultural heroes of Panggau and Gelong, deities, and antu gerasi (demon figure).
The Borneo Cultures Museum (Malay: Muzium Budaya Borneo) is a museum located in Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. It is the largest museum in Malaysia and the second largest in Southeast Asia. The museum displays artifacts relating to the history and cultural heritage of Sarawak’s local people, as well as others on Borneo island. [3]
The Bisaya are a group of indigenous people from the northwest coast of East Malaysia, on the island of Borneo.Their populations are concentrated around the towns of Beaufort and Kuala Penyu in southern Sabah (where they are included under the Kadazan-Dusun group of peoples), Labuan Federal Territory, and in Limbang District of Sarawak (in which they are grouped under the Orang Ulu designation).
For the forest people of Borneo, like other native tribes, such plants and animals are also viewed as sacred, as the embodiment of powerful spirits and deities. [15] Thus, the Penan made numerous verbal and written complaints to the logging companies and local government officials.
Dusun is the collective name of an indigenous ethnic group to the Malaysian state of Sabah of North Borneo.Collectively, they form the largest ethnic group in Sabah. The Dusun people have been internationally recognised as indigenous to Borneo since 2004 as per the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Their basic culture is similar to the other Dayak people in Borneo. Their agriculture was based upon shifting cultivation techniques and the cultivation of Upland rice. [7] Other farming such as sago, corn, yams, pumpkin and tobacco are also cultivated. During the years of famine, sago is mined.