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The Great Storm of 1987 was the first storm for which a sting jet was identified.. Sting jets are roughly 10–20 km (6–12 mi) wide and last 3–4 hours. [7] They are characterised in part by their mid-tropospheric origin and the acceleration of descending air, and are distinct from the low-tropospheric airstreams accompanying the cold and warm conveyor belts of extratropical cyclones.
They are termed mid-latitude cyclones if they form within those latitudes, or post-tropical cyclones if a tropical cyclone has intruded into the mid latitudes. [1] [2] Weather forecasters and the general public often describe them simply as "depressions" or "lows". Terms like frontal cyclone, frontal depression, frontal low, extratropical low ...
A bomb cyclone, also referred to as explosive cyclogenesis or bombogenesis, is a mid-latitude cyclone that has rapidly intensified. A cyclone is a low-pressure weather system - one where the ...
The westerlies, anti-trades, [2] or prevailing westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude. They originate from the high-pressure areas in the horse latitudes (about 30 degrees) and trend towards the poles and steer extratropical cyclones in this general manner. [3]
Cyclones have also been seen on extraterrestrial planets, such as Mars, Jupiter, and Neptune. [7] [8] Cyclogenesis is the process of cyclone formation and intensification. [9] Extratropical cyclones begin as waves in large regions of enhanced mid-latitude temperature contrasts called baroclinic zones.
Atmospheric circulation diagram, showing the Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell, the Polar cell, and the various upwelling and subsidence zones between them. In meteorology, the polar front is the weather front boundary between the polar cell and the Ferrel cell around the 60° latitude, near the polar regions, in both hemispheres.
A preexisting frontal boundary, as defined in surface weather analysis, is required for the development of a mid-latitude cyclone. The cyclonic flow begins around a disturbed section of the stationary front due to an upper level disturbance, such as a short wave or an upper-level trough, [ 9 ] [ 10 ] near a favorable quadrant of the upper-level ...
September 7–9, 1995 – After becoming a powerful mid-latitude cyclone, with a pressure of 957 mbar (28.3 inHg) and a core of hurricane-force winds, the remnants of Hurricane Iris struck the British Isles and France. [48] The storm produced wind gusts up to 129 km/h (80 mph) in France and 97 km/h (60 mph) in Britain.