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Rechargeable lithium metal batteries are secondary lithium metal batteries.They have metallic lithium as a negative electrode.The high specific capacity of lithium metal (3,860 mAh g −1), very low redox potential (−3.040 V versus standard hydrogen electrode) and low density (0.59 g cm −3) make it the ideal negative material for high energy density battery technologies. [1]
A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li + ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy. In comparison with other commercial rechargeable batteries, Li-ion batteries are characterized by higher specific energy, higher energy density, higher energy efficiency, a longer cycle life, and a longer calendar life.
Godshall et al. further identified the similar value of ternary compound lithium-transition metal-oxides such as the spinel LiMn 2 O 4, Li 2 MnO 3, LiMnO 2, LiFeO 2, LiFe 5 O 8, and LiFe 5 O 4 (and later lithium-copper-oxide and lithium-nickel-oxide cathode materials in 1985) [27] Godshall et al. patent U.S. patent 4,340,652 [28] for the use of ...
The lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO 4 battery ) or LFP battery ( lithium ferrophosphate ) is a type of lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate ( LiFePO 4 ) as the cathode material, and a graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic backing as the anode .
A lithium polymer battery, or more correctly, lithium-ion polymer battery (abbreviated as LiPo, LIP, Li-poly, lithium-poly, and others), is a rechargeable battery of lithium-ion technology using a polymer electrolyte instead of a liquid electrolyte. Highly conductive semisolid polymers form this electrolyte.
Lithium–iron disulfide: Li-FeS 2 FR Iron disulfide: No 1989 [43] 0.9 [43] 1.5 [43] 1.8 [43] 1.07 (297) [43] 2.1 (580) [44] 10-20 [44] Lithium–titanate: Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 LTO: Lithium manganese oxide or Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide Yes 2008 [45] 1.6–1.8 [46] 2.3–2.4 [46] 2.8 [46] 0.22–0.40 (60–110) 0.64 (177) 3,000– 5,100 [47 ...
Lithium-6 is valued as a source material for tritium production and as a neutron absorber in nuclear fusion. Natural lithium contains about 7.5% lithium-6 from which large amounts of lithium-6 have been produced by isotope separation for use in nuclear weapons. [189] Lithium-7 gained interest for use in nuclear reactor coolants. [190]
Lithium–silicon batteries are lithium-ion batteries that employ a silicon-based anode, and lithium ions as the charge carriers. [1] Silicon based materials, generally, have a much larger specific capacity, for example, 3600 mAh/g for pristine silicon. [ 2 ]