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Water thus returns to the surface, as return flow, before or on entering a stream or groundwater. [1] [2] Once water infiltrates into the soil, it is still affected by gravity and infiltrates to the water table or if permeability varies laterally travels downslope. [1] Throughflow usually occurs during peak hydrologic events (such as high ...
Water moves through soil due to the force of gravity, osmosis and capillarity. At 0 to 33 kPa suction (field capacity), water is pushed through soil from the point of its application under the force of gravity and the pressure gradient created by differences in the pressure of water; this is called saturated flow. At higher suction, water ...
Symbol used to represent in situ permeability tests in geotechnical drawings. In fluid mechanics, materials science and Earth sciences, the permeability of porous media (often, a rock or soil) is a measure of the ability for fluids (gas or liquid) to flow through the media; it is commonly symbolized as k.
A phase diagram of soil indicating the masses and volumes of air, solid, water, and voids. There are a variety of parameters used to describe the relative proportions of air, water and solid in a soil. This section defines these parameters and some of their interrelationships. [2] [6] The basic notation is as follows:
The soil moisture velocity equation [1] describes the speed that water moves vertically through unsaturated soil under the combined actions of gravity and capillarity, a process known as infiltration. The equation is alternative form of the Richardson/Richards' equation.
A cross section showing the water table varying with surface topography as well as a perched water table. In soil mechanics, seepage is the movement of water through soil. If fluid pressures in a soil deposit are uniformly increasing with depth according to =, where is the depth below the water table, then hydrostatic conditions will prevail and the fluids will not be flowing through the soil.
Soil heat flux refers to the rate at which heat energy moves through the soil in response to a temperature difference between two points in the soil. The heat flux density is the amount of energy that flows through soil per unit area per unit time and has both magnitude and direction. For the simple case of conduction into or out of the soil in ...
The processes that drive these movements are evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, sublimation, infiltration, surface runoff, and subsurface flow. In doing so, the water goes through different forms: liquid, solid and vapor. The ocean plays a key role in the water cycle as it is the source of 86% of global evaporation. [2]