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Raynaud syndrome, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a medical condition in which the spasm of small arteries causes episodes of reduced blood flow to end arterioles. [1] Typically the fingers, and, less commonly, the toes, are involved. [ 1 ]
Chronic vasoconstriction is associated with hypertension, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. Moreover, impaired blood flow resulting from abnormal vasoconstriction may contribute to tissue ischemia, which can be observed in conditions like Raynaud's disease.
In people with Raynaud’s phenomenon, cold temperatures or stress trigger spasms in the small blood vessels near the surface of the skin, causing the vessels to constrict and limit blood flow.
Raynaud's phenomenon is frequently the first manifestation of CREST/lcSSc, preceding other symptoms by years. Stress and cold temperature induce an exaggerated vasoconstriction of the small arteries, arterioles, and thermoregulatory vessels of the skin of the digits. Clinically this manifests as a white-blue-red transition in skin color.
Other uncommon causes are coarctation of the aorta, [4] Trousseau disease [medical citation needed] and Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans), [5] in which vasculitis occurs. Raynaud's phenomenon functional vasospasm. [clarification needed] It is distinct from neurogenic claudication, which is associated with lumbar spinal stenosis. It ...
The pain associated with microvascular angina is normally more intense and it lasts for longer periods of time compared to pain caused by other conditions. Many gastric conditions can cause chest pains (sub-sternal pain), while this is usually associated with consumption of food this is not always the case, and is a very common differential ...
Variant angina is caused by vasospasm, a narrowing of the coronary arteries due to contraction of the heart's smooth muscle tissue in the vessel walls. [3] In comparison, stable angina is caused by the permanent occlusion of these vessels by atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of fatty plaque and hardening of the arteries. [4]
Complex regional pain syndrome is uncommon, and its cause is not clearly understood. CRPS typically develops after an injury, surgery, heart attack, or stroke. [8] [12] Investigators estimate that 2–5% of those with peripheral nerve injury, [13] and 13–70% of those with hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body) [14] will develop CRPS.