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Uyghur princes from Cave 9 of the Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves, Xinjiang, China, 8th–9th century AD, wall painting. The history of the Uyghur people, as with the ethnic origin of the people, is a matter of contention. [156] Uyghur historians viewed the Uyghurs as the original inhabitants of Xinjiang with a long history.
Map of East Turkestan (Xinjiang); prefectures with a Uyghur majority are in blue. In 1949, after the Chinese Nationalists (Kuomintang) lost the civil war in China, the Second East Turkestan Republic 's rulers refused to form a confederate relation within Mao Zedong 's People's Republic of China ; however, a plane crash killed many of the East ...
East Turkestan or East Turkistan (Uyghur: شەرقىي تۈركىستان, ULY: Sherqiy Türkistan, UKY: Шәрқий Туркистан), also called Uyghuristan (ئۇيغۇرىستان, Уйғуристан), is a loosely-defined geographical region in the northwestern part of the People's Republic of China, on the cross roads of East and Central Asia, which varies in meaning by context and ...
After the Uyghur Khaganate in Mongolia was destroyed by the Kirghiz in 840, branches of the Uyghurs established themselves in Qocha (Karakhoja) and Beshbalik (near present-day Turfan and Ürümqi). The Uyghur state remained in eastern Xinjiang until the 13th century, although it was ruled by foreign overlords. The Kara-Khanids converted to Islam.
the Uyghur American Association, [5] a Washington D.C.–based advocacy organization which was established in 1998 by a group of Uyghur overseas activists to raise the public awareness of the Uyghur people; the East Turkistan National Awakening Movement, a youth led organization which was set up by Uyghur graduate student Salih Hudayar in 2017 [6]
Ethnolinguistic map of China China's Autonomous Regions and its Designated Ethnic Minority. The Han people are the largest ethnic group in mainland China. In 2010, 91.51% of the population were classified as Han (~1.2 billion). [1]
Dzungaria (red) and the Tarim Basin (blue), the two constituent territorial components of Xinjiang. Migration to Xinjiang is historical movement of people, often sponsored by various states who controlled the region, including the Han dynasty, Tang dynasty, Uyghur Khaganate, Yuan dynasty, Qing dynasty, Republic of China and People's Republic of China.
The Turkic-speaking Yugurs are considered to be the descendants of a group of Old Uyghurs who fled from Mongolia southwards to Gansu after the collapse of the Uyghur Khaganate in 840, where they established the prosperous Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom (870-1036) with capital near present Zhangye at the base of the Qilian Mountains in the valley of the Ruo Shui.