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This article lists the known kings of Lydia, both legendary and historical.Lydia was an ancient kingdom in western Anatolia during the first millennium BC. It may have originated as a country in the second millennium BC and was possibly called Maeonia at one time, given that Herodotus says the people were called Maeonians before they became known as Lydians.
Croesus was born in 620 BC to the king Alyattes of Lydia and one of his queens, a Carian noblewoman whose name is still unknown. Croesus had at least one full sister, Aryenis , as well as a half-brother named Pantaleon, born from a Ionian wife of Alyattes.
He is the son of Atys, and the grandson of Croesus, the last native king of Lydia before the Persian conquest. [1] The Persian king Xerxes I, son of Darius I, encounters Pythius, the second most wealthy person after Xerxes, on his way to invade Greece c. 480 BC. [2] [3] Pythius had grown wealthy through his gold mines in Celaenae, Phrygia. [1]
Portrait of Croesus, last King of Lydia, Attic red-figure amphora, painted c. 500–490 BCE. Material in the way of historical accounts of themselves found to date is scarce; the knowledge on Lydians largely rely on the impressed but mixed accounts of ancient Greek writers.
The temple of Artemis in Sardis, capital of Lydia. The early Lydian religion exhibited strong connections to Anatolian as well as Greek traditions. [2]Although Lydia had been conquered by the Persian Achaemenid Empire in c. 547 BC, native Lydian traditions were not destroyed by Persian rule, and most Lydian inscriptions were written during this period.
The Croeseid, anciently Kroiseioi stateres, was a type of coin, either in gold or silver, which was minted in Sardis by the king of Lydia Croesus (561–546 BC) from around 550 BC. Croesus is credited with issuing the first true gold coins with a standardised purity for general circulation, [ 1 ] and the world's first bimetallic monetary system .
Manes (Ancient Greek: Μάνηϛ) [1] is a legendary figure of the 2nd millennium BC who is attested by Herodotus in Book One of Histories to have been an early king of Lydia, [2] then probably known as Maeonia (which he may be the eponym of). He was believed to have been the son of Zeus and Gaia, [3] and was the father of Atys, who
Tmolus, the god of Mount Tmolus in Lydia, who was the judge of a musical contest between the gods Apollo and Pan (or the satyr Marsyas). When Tmolus awarded the victory to Apollo, Midas the king of Phrygia disagreed, Apollo transformed Midas' ears into the ears of an ass. [2] Tmolus, the father of Tantalus by Pluto. [3]