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A Ziehl–Neelsen stain is an acid-fast stain used to stain species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that do not stain with the standard laboratory staining procedures such as Gram staining. This stain is performed through the use of both red coloured carbol fuchsin that stains the bacteria and a counter stain such as methylene blue .
Toluidine blue is often used to identify mast cells, by virtue of the heparin in their cytoplasmic granules. [3] It is also used to stain proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in tissues such as cartilage. The strongly acidic macromolecular carbohydrates of mast cells and cartilage are coloured red by the blue dye, a phenomenon called metachromasia.
Micrograph of a GFAP immunostained section of a brain tumour.. In biochemistry, immunostaining is any use of an antibody-based method to detect a specific protein in a sample. . The term "immunostaining" was originally used to refer to the immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections, as first described by Albert Coons in 1941.
Trypan blue is an azo dye.It is a direct dye for cotton textiles. [3] In biosciences, it is used as a vital stain to selectively colour dead tissues or cells blue.. Live cells or tissues with intact cell membranes are not coloured.
Cell cycle analysis by DNA content measurement is a method that most frequently employs flow cytometry to distinguish cells in different phases of the cell cycle.Before analysis, the cells are usually permeabilised and treated with a fluorescent dye that stains DNA quantitatively, such as propidium iodide (PI) or 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI).
[2] [3] Carbol fuchsin is used as the primary stain dye to detect acid-fast bacteria because it is more soluble in the cells' wall lipids than in the acid alcohol. If the bacteria is acid-fast the bacteria will retain the initial red color of the dye because they are able to resist the destaining by acid alcohol (0.4–1% HCl in 70% EtOH). [ 4 ]
In immunohistochemistry the alkaline phosphatase is often used as a marker, conjugated to an antibody.The colored product can either be of the NBT/BCIP reaction reveals where the antibody is bound, or can be used in immunofluorescence.
DAPI can be used for fixed cell staining. The concentration of DAPI needed for live cell staining is generally very high; it is rarely used for live cells. [7] It is labeled non-toxic in its MSDS [8] and though it was not shown to have mutagenicity to E. coli, [9] it is labelled as a known mutagen in manufacturer information. [2]