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In 1933, Gödel first traveled to the U.S., where he met Albert Einstein, who became a good friend. [27] He delivered an address to the annual meeting of the American Mathematical Society . During this year, Gödel also developed the ideas of computability and recursive functions to the point where he was able to present a lecture on general ...
Einstein believed the problem of God was the "most difficult in the world"—a question that could not be answered "simply with yes or no". He conceded that "the problem involved is too vast for our limited minds". [11] Einstein explained his view on the relationship between science, philosophy and religion in his lectures of 1939 and 1941:
A logician is a person who studies logic. Some famous logicians are listed below in English alphabetical transliteration order (by surname ). This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.
Einstein was arguably the greatest single contributor to the "old" quantum theory. [33] [note 4] In his 1905 paper on light quanta, [p 16] Einstein created the quantum theory of light. His proposal that light exists as tiny packets (photons) was so revolutionary, that even such major pioneers of quantum theory as Planck and Bohr refused to ...
A scientific theory may not contain any theoretical terms (an example of this is Darwin's original theory of evolution). Putnam also alleged that positivism was actually a form of metaphysical idealism by its rejecting scientific theory's ability to garner knowledge about nature's unobservable aspects.
Besso was born in Riesbach from a family of Italian Jewish descent. [2] He was a close friend of Albert Einstein during his years at the Federal Polytechnic Institute in Zurich, [3] (today known as ETH Zurich) and then at the patent office in Bern, where he helped Einstein to get a job. [4]
Chaitin also writes about philosophy, especially metaphysics and philosophy of mathematics (particularly about epistemological matters in mathematics). In metaphysics, Chaitin claims that algorithmic information theory is the key to solving problems in the field of biology (obtaining a formal definition of 'life', its origin and evolution) and neuroscience (the problem of consciousness and the ...
Professor of biology Jerry Coyne sums up biological evolution succinctly: [3]. Life on Earth evolved gradually beginning with one primitive species – perhaps a self-replicating molecule – that lived more than 3.5 billion years ago; it then branched out over time, throwing off many new and diverse species; and the mechanism for most (but not all) of evolutionary change is natural selection.