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In Chinese art, the Four Gentlemen or Four Noble Ones (Chinese: 四君子; pinyin: Sì Jūnzǐ), is a collective term referring to four plants: the plum blossom, the orchid, the bamboo, and the chrysanthemum. [1] [2] The term compares the four plants to Confucian junzi, or "gentlemen".
The Flowers of the Four Seasons (Chinese: 四季名花, Sìjì Mínghuā) are a traditional grouping of flowers found in Chinese culture [1] that spread to and influenced other East Asian [2] arts. In Chinese art [3] and culture, the flowers that represent the four seasons consist of: (春兰) Chūnlán – Spring – orchid
Chrysanthemums (/ k r ɪ ˈ s æ n θ ə m ə m z / kriss-AN-thə-məmz), sometimes called mums or chrysanths, [5] are flowering plants of the genus Chrysanthemum in the family Asteraceae. [4] They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia, and the center of diversity is in China. [6]
The Chinese celebrated the pine, bamboo and plum together, for they observed that unlike many other plants these plants do not wither as the cold days deepen into the winter season. [2] Known by the Chinese as the Three Friends of Winter , they later entered the conventions of Korean , Japanese , and Vietnamese culture.
Chrysanthemums of the Immortal Blossoms in an Everlasting Spring (仙萼長春冊) by Giuseppe Castiglione (1688–1766). In China, they have been around since 500 BCE.In 1630, more than 500 varieties were already mentioned there.In Europe, especially in Holland, they have been known since the mid-17th century, but their general dissemination took place only in the 19th century.
The fungal flora of China is extensive with over 27,000 fungal species. As of 2018, China has reported 1789 edible fungi and 798 medicinal fungi. Notably, fungi played a vital part of China's traditional native plant use, with recent archaeology findings determining its significance in regions of China around 6000 years ago and dating as far back as the Tang dynasty (600–900 ce).
Chrysanthemums may have been introduced to Japan by Chinese in the eighth century AD. [17] C. lavandulifolium, a perennial plant, grows well in warm climates around East Asia. It flowers from October to November. [5] [18] The plant grows well on moist clayey soils in full sun. It is also quite immune to high temperatures and lack of moisture.
The plum blossom, known as the meihua (Chinese: 梅花; pinyin: méihuā), is a symbol for resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity, because plum blossoms often bloom most vibrantly even amidst the harsh winter snow. [2] [3] As the plum tree can usually grow for a long time, ancient trees are found throughout China. Huangmei county ...