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  2. Thyroid hormones - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormones

    The thyroid system of the thyroid hormones T 3 and T 4 [1] Thyroid hormones are any hormones produced and released by the thyroid gland, namely triiodothyronine (T 3) and thyroxine (T 4). They are tyrosine-based hormones that are primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism. T 3 and T 4 are partially composed of iodine, derived from food. [2]

  3. Euthyroid sick syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthyroid_sick_syndrome

    D1, D2, and D3 regulate the levels of T4, T3, and rT3. Three primary deiodinases are responsible for thyroid hormone conversion and breakdown. Type 1 (D1) deiodinates T4 to the biologically active T3, as well as the hormonally inactive and possibly inhibitory rT3. [3] [5] Type 2 (D2) converts T4 into T3, and breaks down rT3. D3 produces rT3 ...

  4. Triiodothyronine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triiodothyronine

    At the cellular level, T 3 is the body's more active and potent thyroid hormone. [2] T 3 helps deliver oxygen and energy to all of the body's cells, its effects on target tissues being roughly four times more potent than those of T 4. [2] Of the thyroid hormone that is produced, just about 20% is T 3, whereas 80% is produced as T 4.

  5. Levothyroxine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levothyroxine

    T4 is a prohormone; that is, T4 is a precursor to the hormone T3. Whereas T4 is a tetraiodide, T3 is a triiodide, triiodothyronine. The T4T3 conversion is mediated by the selenoenzyme iodothyronine deiodinase. T3-thyroxine is a unique example of an iodine compound that is essential for human health.

  6. Iodothyronine deiodinase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodothyronine_deiodinase

    In long summer days, the production of hypothalamic T3 increase due to DIO-2-mediated conversion of T4 to the biologically active hormone. This process allows to active anabolic neuroendocrine pathways that maintain reproductive competence and increase body weight.

  7. Hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamic–pituitary...

    The pituitary gland secretes thyrotropin (TSH; Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) that stimulates the thyroid to secrete thyroxine (T4) and, to a lesser degree, triiodothyronine (T3). The major portion of T3, however, is produced in peripheral organs, e.g. liver , adipose tissue , glia and skeletal muscle by deiodination from circulating T4.

  8. Thyroid function tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_function_tests

    Total T4 is measured to see the bound and unbound levels of T4. The total T4 is less useful in cases where there could be protein abnormalities. The total T4 is less accurate due to the large amount of T4 that is bound. The total T3 is measured in clinical practice since the T3 has decreased amount that is bound as compared to T4. [citation needed]

  9. Iodine in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine_in_biology

    A family of selenium-dependent enzymes called deiodinases converts T4 to T3 (the active hormone) by removing an iodine atom from the outer tyrosine ring. These enzymes also convert T4 to reverse T3 (rT3) by removing an inner ring iodine atom, and also convert T3 to 3,3'-Diiodothyronine (T2) by removing an inner ring atom. Both of the latter ...

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