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In contract bridge, the Rule of 11 is applied when the opening lead is the fourth best from the defender's suit. [1] By subtracting the rank of the card led from 11, the partner of the opening leader can determine how many cards higher than the card led are held by declarer, dummy and himself; by deduction of those in dummy and in his own hand, he can determine the number in declarer's hand.
from a suit headed by an honour, defender generally leads the fourth best card, allowing partner to employ the Rule of 11; from an honourless suit, the highest or second-highest is normally led, especially against suit contracts; some partnerships lead fourth best against notrump though. From hands containing both A and K
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The difference in percentages is so close (the Bridge Encyclopedia states that the finesse is a 50% probability of success holding 8 cards, while the drop has a 53% holding 9 cards) that the slightest inference might influence a player to choose to finesse or to drop with nine cards.
Forcing, unless the partnership has agreed that this is an exception to the "2/1 rule." 1 ♦ – 2 ♣ Forcing for one round only (as in Standard American), except in the variant of 2/1 where this sequence is game forcing as well. 1 ♣ – 2 ♣ Forcing for one round; 10 points or more with at least four clubs. 1 ♣ – 3 ♣
Flannery is a bridge convention using a 2 ♦ opening bid to show a hand of minimal opening bid strength (11-15 high card points) with exactly four spades and five (or sometimes six) hearts. It was invented by American player William (Bill) L. Flannery .
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The Losing Trick Count, as used by the leading contract bridge tournament players, with examples of expert bidding and expert play. London: Methuen. p. 176. Nine editions published between 1935 and 1947. Republished in 2006 as Losing Trick Count - A Book of Bridge Technique by F. Dudley Courtenay, ISBN 978-1-4067-9716-9.