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A nephrostomy or percutaneous nephrostomy is an artificial opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for the urinary diversion directly from the upper part of the urinary system (renal pelvis). [2] It is an interventional radiology/surgical procedure in which the renal pelvis is punctured
Percutaneous nephrostomy: A nephrostomy is created when the flow of urine is diverted directly from the kidneys to the abdominal wall. Tubes are placed within the kidney to collect the urine as it is generated, and transport it to the abdominal wall. This procedure is usually temporary; however, it may be permanent for cancer patients.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally-invasive procedure to remove stones from the kidney by a small puncture wound (up to about 1 cm) through the skin. It is most suitable to remove stones of more than 2 cm in size and which are present near the pelvic region.
In addition to bladder cancer, urinary diversion may be necessary in cases of severe trauma, congenital abnormalities, or other conditions that compromise the normal urinary tract, such as infections or chronic inflammation. The procedure can be either temporary or permanent, depending on the patient’s condition and treatment plan.
Nephrostomy · Ureterostomy · Cystostomy (Suprapubic cystostomy) · Urostomy: Nephrotomy: Nephropexy · Urethropexy · Lithotripsy · Kidney transplantation · Renal biopsy: Male reproductive: Phalloplasty · Scrotoplasty: Vasectomy · Penectomy · Orchidectomy · Prostatectomy · Posthectomy · Gonadectomy
With creation of a urinary diversion it is possible for the ureters to become obstructed preventing the drainage of urine from the kidneys. If this occurs, another procedure to insert a percutaneous nephrostomy tube may be need to allow drainage of urine from the body. Obstruction of the ureter most commonly occurs at the site where the ureters ...
However, some patients have an infected stone and are simply too ill for an operative surgical removal. In these instances, the mainstay of IR treatment is a percutaneous nephrostomy tube. [24] This is a procedure where a small caliber catheter is placed through the skin and into the urinary collecting system upstream of the stone.
Antegrade pyelography is the procedure used to visualize the upper collecting system of the urinary tract, i.e., kidney and ureter. It is done in cases where excretory or retrograde pyelography has failed or contraindicated, or when a nephrostomy tube is in place or delineation of upper tract is