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The use of the term in psychology entered English with the translation from German ("Valenz") in 1935 of works of Kurt Lewin.The original German word suggests "binding", and is commonly used in a grammatical context to describe the ability of one word to semantically and syntactically link another, especially the ability of a verb to require a number of additional terms (e.g. subject and ...
Schadenfreude (/ ˈ ʃ ɑː d ən f r ɔɪ d ə /; German: [ˈʃaːdn̩ˌfʁɔʏ̯də] ⓘ; lit. Tooltip literal translation "harm-joy") is the experience of pleasure, joy, or self-satisfaction that comes from learning of or witnessing the troubles, failures, pain, suffering, or humiliation of another.
Mood swings in major depressive disorder (MDD): Various mood patterns, [69] and mood changes erratically. [37] Mood swings occur episodically and fluctuate in moderate high mood and severe low mood. [ 70 ] [ 71 ] Characterized by having high negative affect (bad mood) most of the time, particularly in melancholic subtype. [ 72 ]
The idea of social mood as a "collectively shared state of mind" (Nofsinger 2005; Olson 2006) is attributed to Robert Prechter and his socionomics. The notion is used primarily in the field of economics (investments). In sociology, philosophy, and psychology, crowd behavior is the formation of a common mood directed toward an object of ...
Asterisks (*) denote words and meanings having appreciable (that is, not occasional) currency in American English, but are nonetheless notable for their relatively greater frequency in British speech and writing. British English spelling is consistently used throughout the article, except when explicitly referencing American terms.
Nostalgia is a sentimentality for the past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations. [2] The word nostalgia is a learned formation of a Greek compound, consisting of νόστος (nóstos), meaning "homecoming", a Homeric word, and ἄλγος (álgos), meaning "pain", and was coined by a 17th-century medical student to describe the anxieties displayed by Swiss ...
In some cases, more than one mood disorder can be present in an individual, like bipolar disorder and depressive disorder. [citation needed] Mood disorders may also be substance induced, or occur in response to a medical condition. English psychiatrist Henry Maudsley proposed an overarching category of affective disorder. [5]
Physiognomy of the melancholic temperament (drawing by Thomas Holloway, c.1789, made for Johann Kaspar Lavater's Essays on Physiognomy). Melancholia or melancholy (from Greek: µέλαινα χολή melaina chole, [1] meaning black bile) [2] is a concept found throughout ancient, medieval, and premodern medicine in Europe that describes a condition characterized by markedly depressed mood ...