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The definition of "fetal death" promulgated by the World Health Organization in 1950 is as follows: "Fetal death" means death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of human conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy and which is not an induced termination of pregnancy. [63]
Fetal viability is the ability of a human fetus to survive outside the uterus. Viability depends upon factors such as birth weight , gestational age, and the availability of advanced medical care . In low-income countries , more than 90% of extremely preterm newborns (less than 28 weeks gestational age ) die due to a lack of said medical care ...
Fetal mortality refers to stillbirths or fetal death. [9] It encompasses any death of a fetus after 20 weeks of gestation or 500 gm. In some definitions of the PNM early fetal mortality (week 20–27 gestation) is not included, and the PNM may only include late fetal death and neonatal death.
At investigation, it may be found that the fetus remains viable and the pregnancy continues without further problems. [ medical citation needed ] An anembryonic pregnancy (also called an "empty sac" or "blighted ovum") is a condition where the gestational sac develops normally, while the embryonic part of the pregnancy is either absent or stops ...
A woman may choose to end her pregnancy by abortion. Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently. [6] [7] Some use the cutoff of 20 weeks of gestation, after which fetal death is known as a stillbirth. [8]
Stillbirth is defined as fetal death after 20 or 28 weeks of pregnancy, depending on the source. It results in a baby born without signs of life. Each year about 21,000 babies are stillborn in the U.S. [158] Sadness, anxiety, and guilt may occur after a miscarriage or a stillbirth. Emotional support may help with processing the loss. [159]
The fetus reaches a length of about 40–48 cm (16–19 in). The fetus weighs about 2.5 to 3 kg (6 lb 10 oz)to 6 lb 12 oz). Lanugo begins to disappear. Body fat increases. Fingernails reach the end of the fingertips. A baby born at 36 weeks has a high chance of survival, but may require medical interventions. Fetus at 38 weeks after fertilization.
The baby may be deprived of oxygen and thus develop asphyxia. [2] Placental abruption may also result in death of the baby, or stillbirth. [2] The newborn infant may have learning issues at later development stages, often requiring professional pedagogical aid.