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An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [1]
Side effects from intra-articular administration can include joint pain, swelling, lameness, and, rarely, infection of the joint. Intramuscular injection can cause dose-dependent inflammation and bleeding, since PSGAG is an analogue of the anticoagulant heparin. [4] In dogs, this may manifest as bleeding from the nose or as bloody stools. [7]
Retroactive research conducted at the time the term "Dosage Index" first became common knowledge revealed that at that time no horse having a Dosage Index of higher than 4.00 had won the Kentucky Derby since at least 1929 (a year chosen because by then the number of available of chefs-de-race on which to base the figures was thought to have ...
In the United States it is estimated to be more than US$1,000.00 per dose, [17] and around £600 in the United Kingdom. [18] It is made from the blood plasma of people or horses who have high levels of the antibody in their blood. [10] [17] The horse version is less expensive but has a higher rate of side effects. [17] [14]
Butorphanol is a narcotic used for pain relief in horses. [15] It is administered either IM or IV, with its analgesic properties beginning to take effect about 15 minutes after injection and lasting 4 hours. [16] It is also commonly paired with sedatives, such as xylazine and detomidine, to make the horse easier to handle during veterinary ...
A major barrier to adoption in the United States was the increased up-front cost of insulin pens compared to traditional injections. [26] Pen adoption in the United States accelerated after studies showed that the higher up-front cost of insulin pens was offset by the increase in compliance, which decreased overall healthcare costs. [ 27 ]
Phenylbutazone has a plasma elimination half-life of 4–8 hours, however the inflammatory exudate half life is 24 hours, [10] so single daily dosing can be sufficient, although it is often used twice per day. [5] The drug is considered fairly non-toxic when given at appropriate doses (2.2-4.4 mg/kg/day), even when used repeatedly. [11]
Alfaxalone is used as an induction agent, an injectable anesthetic, and a sedative in animals. [5] While it is commonly used in cats and dogs, it has also been successfully used in rabbits, [6] horses, sheep, pigs, and exotics such as red-eared turtles, axolotl, green iguanas, marmosets, [7] and koi fish. [8]
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