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From the 1990s, industry experts and scholars started using the term off-site construction has been in use since the 1990s to consider technological, engineering and industrialization evolutions in the building sector. [5] Off-site construction is a subject of research since at least 2004. [6]
Open Source Ecology, open source farming and industrial machinery. The open-design movement currently unites two trends. On one hand, people apply their skills and time on projects for the common good, perhaps where funding or commercial interest is lacking, for developing countries or to help spread ecological or cheaper technologies.
Process skids are considered an alternative to traditional stick-built construction where process system parts are shipped individually and installed incrementally at the manufacturing site. [1] They provide the advantage of parallel construction, where process systems are built off-site in a fabrication facility while civil site upgrades are ...
Construction engineering, also known as construction operations, [1] is a professional subdiscipline of civil engineering that deals with the designing, planning, construction, and operations management of infrastructure such as roadways, tunnels, bridges, airports, railroads, facilities, buildings, dams, utilities and other projects. [2]
Manufacturing engineering or production engineering is a branch of professional engineering that shares many common concepts and ideas with other fields of engineering such as mechanical, chemical, electrical, and industrial engineering. Manufacturing engineering requires the ability to plan the practices of manufacturing; to research and to ...
The number of layers placed is determined partly by the thickness of the panel, but is limited by the equipment installed at the manufacturing site. Individual layers can also vary in thickness to give different finished panel thicknesses; typically, a 15 cm (5.9 in) layer will produce a 15 mm (0.59 in) panel thickness [citation needed]. The ...
Modular construction is a construction technique which involves the prefabrication of 2D panels or 3D volumetric structures in off-site factories and transportation to construction sites for assembly. This process has the potential to be superior to traditional building in terms of both time and costs, with claimed time savings of between 20 ...
An output signal switching device (OSSD) is an electronic device used as part of the safety system of a machine.It provides a coded signal which, when interrupted due to a safety event, signals the machine to shut down.