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The following have been identified as risk factors for placenta previa: Previous placenta previa (recurrence rate 4–8%), [13] caesarean delivery, [14] myomectomy [10] or endometrium damage caused by D&C. [13] Women who are younger than 20 are at higher risk and women older than 35 are at increasing risk as they get older.
667 Retained placenta or membranes, without hemorrhage; 668 Complication (medicine) of the administration of anesthetic or other sedation in labor (childbirth) and delivery; 669 Complication (medicine) Other complications of labor and delivery, not elsewhere classified. 669.5 Forceps delivery or vacuum extractor delivery without mention of ...
Placenta previa is a condition that occurs when the placenta fully or partially covers the cervix. [13] Placenta previa can be further categorized into complete previa, partial previa, marginal previa, and low-lying placenta, depending on the degree to which the placenta covers the internal cervical os.
Velamentous Placenta: Normal umbilical cord insertion and velamentous umbilical cord insertion in pregnancy, with and without vasa previa. Specialty: Obstetrics Symptoms: Blood vessel compression, [1] [2] decrease in blood supply to the fetus, [2] [3] impaired growth and development of the fetus. [4] [5] Risk factors
Ischemic placental disease leads to the attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall to become under-perfused, causing uteroplacental ischemia. Where the term overarches the pathology associated with preeclampsia , placental abruptions and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). [ 3 ]
Besides placenta previa and placental abruption, uterine rupture can occur, which is a very serious condition leading to internal or external bleeding. Bleeding from the fetus is rare, but may occur with two conditions called vasa previa and velamentous umbilical cord insertion where the fetal blood vessels lie near the placental insertion site unprotected by Wharton's jelly of the cord. [11]
If placenta previa is present at the time of delivery, vaginal delivery is contraindicated because the placenta is blocking the fetus's passageway to the vaginal canal. Herpes simplex virus with active genital lesions or prodromal symptoms is a contraindication for vaginal delivery so as to avoid mother-fetal transfer of HSV lesions.
While bleeding in the third trimester may be a sign of placenta previa or placental abruption—conditions that occur frequently preterm—even earlier bleeding that is not caused by these conditions is linked to a higher preterm birth rate. [60]