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The use of some transitive verbs denoting strictly reciprocal events may involve a conflation of agent and subject. In the sentence "John met Sylvia", for example, though both John and Sylvia would equally meet Dowty's definition of a Proto-Agent, the co-agent Sylvia is downgraded to patient because it is the direct object of the sentence. [3]
For example, driver is an agent noun formed from the verb drive. [2] Usually, derived in the above definition has the strict sense attached to it in morphology, that is the derivation takes as an input a lexeme (an abstract unit of morphological analysis) and produces a new lexeme.
Thematic relations: Reggie is doing the action so is the agent, but he is also the source of the kibble (note Reggie bears two thematic relations); the kibble is the entity acted upon so it is the patient; Fergus is the direction/goal or recipient of the giving. Friday represents the time of the action.
The recipient of a sentence's action is referred to as the patient. In sentences using the active voice, the subject is the performer of the action—referred to as the agent. Above, the agent is omitted entirely, but it may also be included adjunctively while maintaining the passive voice: The enemy was defeated by our troops.
agent, experiencer; subject of a transitive or intransitive verb: he pushed the door and it opened nominative–accusative languages (including marked nominative languages) Nominative case (2) agent; voluntary experiencer: he pushed the door and it opened; she paused active languages: Objective case (1) direct or indirect object of verb
The patient is a semantic property, defined in terms of the meaning of a phrase; but the direct object is a syntactic property, defined in terms of the phrase's role in the structure of a sentence. For example, in the sentence "The dog bites the man", the man is both the patient and the direct object.
pig -ja - 1. POSS -naka - PL -taki - BEN -w(a) - DECL khuchi -ja -naka -taki -w(a) pig -1.POSS -PL -BEN -DECL 'for my pigs' Benefactive meaning may also be marked on the verb, in a common type of applicative voice. Autobenefactive An autobenefactive case or voice marks a case where the agents and the benefactor are one and the same. In Rhinelandic colloquial German, one finds expressions like ...
Agent (economics), an actor and decision maker in a model; Agent (grammar), in linguistics, the thematic relation of a cause or initiator to an event; Agent noun, a word identifying an actor, derived from a word denoting an action; Cleaning agent, a substance used to remove bad smells, clutter, dirt, dust, or stains on surfaces