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2. Washout (aeronautics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washout_(aeronautics)

   (This can be described as aerodynamic wash-in.) Winglets also promote a greater bending moment at the wing root, possibly necessitating a heavier wing structure. Installation of winglets may necessitate greater aerodynamic washout in order to provide the required resistance to spinning , or to optimise the spanwise lift distribution.

3. Lift-to-drag ratio - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift-to-drag_ratio

   In aerodynamics, the lift-to-drag ratio (or L/D ratio) is the lift generated by an aerodynamic body such as an aerofoil or aircraft, divided by the aerodynamic drag caused by moving through air. It describes the aerodynamic efficiency under given flight conditions. The L/D ratio for any given body will vary according to these flight conditions.

4. Lift-induced drag - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift-induced_drag

   A wing of infinite span and uniform airfoil segment (or a 2D wing) would experience no induced drag. [11] The drag characteristics of a wing with infinite span can be simulated using an airfoil segment the width of a wind tunnel. [12] An increase in wingspan or a solution with a similar effect is one way to reduce induced drag.

5. Glossary of aerospace engineering - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_aerospace...

   Thus, a long, narrow wing has a high aspect ratio, whereas a short, wide wing has a low aspect ratio. [23] Aspect ratio and other features of the planform are often used to predict the aerodynamic efficiency of a wing because the lift-to-drag ratio increases with aspect ratio, improving fuel economy in aircraft.

6. Aspect ratio (aeronautics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(aeronautics)

   Thus, a long, narrow wing has a high aspect ratio, whereas a short, wide wing has a low aspect ratio. [ 1 ] Aspect ratio and other features of the planform are often used to predict the aerodynamic efficiency of a wing because the lift-to-drag ratio increases with aspect ratio, improving the fuel economy in powered airplanes and the gliding ...

7. Oswald efficiency number - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_efficiency_number

   For conventional fixed-wing aircraft with moderate aspect ratio and sweep, Oswald efficiency number with wing flaps retracted is typically between 0.7 and 0.85. At supersonic speeds, Oswald efficiency number decreases substantially. For example, at Mach 1.2 Oswald efficiency number is likely to be between 0.3 and 0.5. [1]

8. Downwash - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downwash

   The effect of downwash from a hovering Sikorsky Seahawk is clearly visible on the surface of water below.. In aeronautics, downwash is the change in direction of air deflected by the aerodynamic action of an airfoil, wing, or helicopter rotor blade in motion, as part of the process of producing lift. [1]

9. Slipstream - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slipstream

   Spiral slipstream, also known as propwash, prop wash, or spiraling slipstream, is a spiral-shaped slipstream formed behind a rotating propeller on an aircraft. The most noticeable effect resulting from the formation of a spiral slipstream is the tendency to yaw nose-left at low speed and full throttle (in centerline tractor aircraft with a ...