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The brain volume decreases roughly 5% per decade after forty. It is currently unclear why brain volume decreases with age. However, a few causes may include cell death, decreased cell volume, and changes in synaptic structure.
Aging of the brain is a process of transformation of the brain in older ... regional decreases in cerebral volume ... two patients might have the same brain pathology ...
Finally, evidence for the recovery of brain volume with continued sobriety is supported by the improvement in neuropsychological performance. Compared to the control participants, abstinent alcoholic patients scored significantly better on tests measuring cognitive, sensory, and motor functions including abstract reasoning , memory ...
Brain volume continues to decrease as we age—including the frontal lobe and hippocampus, the areas responsible for cognitive functions—with the rate of shrinkage increasing by around age 60.
Additionally, chronic pain has been reported to significantly reduce the volume of grey matter in the brain globally, and more specifically at the prefrontal cortex and right thalamus. [80] However, following treatment, these abnormalities in cortical reorganization and grey matter volume are resolved, as well as their symptoms.
About 15% of the blood volume is present in the arteries, 40% in the veins, and 45% in the nerve tissue and capillaries. [2] There is a difference between the cerebral blood volume of gray and white matter. The cerebral blood volume value of gray matter is about 3.5 +/- 0.4 ml/100g, and the white matter is about 1.7 +/- 0.4 ml/100g.
For example, brain imaging studies have revealed that older adults are more likely to use both hemispheres when completing memory tasks than younger adults. [51] In addition, older adults sometimes show a positivity effect when remembering information, which seems to be a result of the increased focus on regulating emotion seen with age. [ 44 ]
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