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On December 16, 2013, Indigo Publications and another French digital publisher, Mediapart, were audited by the French Inland Revenue Service over Value-added tax (VAT). [4] [5] [6] The VAT rate for online news was 19.6% (20% starting in 2014), while that of traditional media was 2.1%, a disparity that had been in place since 2009.
Africa Confidential is a fortnightly newsletter covering politics and economics in Africa.It was established in 1960 [1] and is owned by the British company Asempa Limited. . Founded by a group of six individuals under the banner of Miramoor Publications, Africa Confidential was originally printed on blue airmail paper and was thus nicknamed "The Blue Shee
News24 is owned by Media24, a South African media company, with interests in digital media and services, newspapers, magazines, e-commerce, book publishing, print and distribution. In August 2021, News24 launched a digital subscription service that offers premium investigative journalism, opinion, analysis and more to paying subscribers at R75 ...
US, Europe, Africa Intelligence Service (B03)/Cục Tình báo Mỹ - Âu - Phi (B03) Bureau of Secret Intelligence (B04)/Cục Tình báo phương thức mật (B04) Bureau of Economic, Scientific, Technical and Environmental Intelligence (B05)/Cục Tình báo kinh tế, khoa học, kỹ thuật và môi trường(B05)
The ANR was created in the beginning of 1997 as an intelligence service of the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL). In May 1997, the agency integrated the premises of the former Service national d'intelligence et de protection (SNIP), which had been renamed Direction générale de la sûreté nationale (DGSN) in 1996.
The National Communications Centre (NCC) is a South African intelligence agency, and is responsible for bulk electronic surveillance and eavesdropping (otherwise known as SIGINT) of foreign communications.
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General van den Bergh resigned as director-general in 1978 in the wake of the Muldergate scandal, and BOSS was renamed the Department of National Security.In the same year, Vorster was replaced as prime minister by defence minister, P. W. Botha, whose government pursued a protracted restructuring of the intelligence services, culminating in the replacement of the department with the National ...