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  2. Extrachromosomal DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrachromosomal_DNA

    Mitochondrial DNA is a main source of this extrachromosomal DNA in eukaryotes. [5] The fact that this organelle contains its own DNA supports the hypothesis that mitochondria originated as bacterial cells engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells. [6] Extrachromosomal DNA is often used in research into replication because it is easy to identify ...

  3. Genetic engineering techniques - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_engineering_techniques

    After the electric shock, the holes are rapidly closed by the cell's membrane-repair mechanisms. Up-taken DNA can either integrate with the bacterials genome or, more commonly, exist as extrachromosomal DNA. A gene gun uses biolistics to insert DNA into plant tissue. A. tumefaciens attaching itself to a carrot cell

  4. Genetic engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_engineering

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 18 December 2024. Manipulation of an organism's genome For a non-technical introduction to the topic of genetics, see Introduction to genetics. For the song by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, see Genetic Engineering (song). For the Montreal hardcore band, see Genetic Control. Part of a series on ...

  5. Extrachromosomal array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrachromosomal_array

    An extrachromosomal array is a method for mosaic analysis in genetics. It is a cosmid, and contains two functioning closely linked genes: a gene of interest and a mosaic marker. Such an array is injected into germ line cells, which already contain mutant (specifically, loss of function) alleles of all three genes in their chromosomal DNA.

  6. Gene mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_mapping

    Gene mapping or genome mapping describes the methods used to identify the location of a gene on a chromosome and the distances between genes. [2] [3] Gene mapping can also describe the distances between different sites within a gene. The essence of all genome mapping is to place a collection of molecular markers onto their respective positions ...

  7. Genetic analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_analysis

    A DNA microarray is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome. When a gene is expressed in a cell, it generates messenger RNA (mRNA). Overexpressed genes generate more mRNA ...

  8. DNA transposon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_transposon

    They are class II transposable elements (TEs) that move through a DNA intermediate, as opposed to class I TEs, retrotransposons, that move through an RNA intermediate. [2] DNA transposons can move in the DNA of an organism via a single-or double-stranded DNA intermediate. [3] DNA transposons have been found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ...

  9. Plasmid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmid

    The term plasmid was coined in 1952 by the American molecular biologist Joshua Lederberg to refer to "any extrachromosomal hereditary determinant." [11] [12] The term's early usage included any bacterial genetic material that exists extrachromosomally for at least part of its replication cycle, but because that description includes bacterial viruses, the notion of plasmid was refined over time ...

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