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In text-to-image retrieval, users input descriptive text, and CLIP retrieves images with matching embeddings. In image-to-text retrieval, images are used to find related text content. CLIP’s ability to connect visual and textual data has found applications in multimedia search, content discovery, and recommendation systems. [31] [32]
The encoder part of the VAE takes an image as input and outputs a lower-dimensional latent representation of the image. This latent representation is then used as input to the U-Net. Once the model is trained, the encoder is used to encode images into latent representations, and the decoder is used to decode latent representations back into images.
A fully connected layer for an image of size 100 × 100 has 10,000 weights for each neuron in the second layer. Convolution reduces the number of free parameters, allowing the network to be deeper. [6] For example, using a 5 × 5 tiling region, each with the same shared weights, requires only 25 neurons.
U-Net is a convolutional neural network that was developed for image segmentation. [1] The network is based on a fully convolutional neural network [2] whose architecture was modified and extended to work with fewer training images and to yield more precise segmentation.
AlexNet contains eight layers: the first five are convolutional layers, some of them followed by max-pooling layers, and the last three are fully connected layers. The network, except the last layer, is split into two copies, each run on one GPU. [1] The entire structure can be written as
The architecture of vision transformer. An input image is divided into patches, each of which is linearly mapped through a patch embedding layer, before entering a standard Transformer encoder. A vision transformer (ViT) is a transformer designed for computer vision. [1]
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In image processing, a kernel, convolution matrix, or mask is a small matrix used for blurring, sharpening, embossing, edge detection, and more.This is accomplished by doing a convolution between the kernel and an image.