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  2. Religious responses to the problem of evil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_responses_to_the...

    [11]: 27 The Bible primarily speaks of sin as moral evil rather than natural or metaphysical evil. [11]: 21 The writers of the Bible take the reality of a spiritual world beyond this world and its containment of hostile spiritual forces for granted. While the post-Enlightenment world does not, the "dark spiritual forces" can be seen as "symbols ...

  3. Criticism of Christianity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity

    Thus, under his definition, Christian violence includes "forms of systemic violence such as poverty, racism, and sexism". [97] Christians have also engaged in violence against those who they consider heretics and non-believers. In Letter to a Christian Nation, critic of religion Sam Harris writes that "...faith inspires violence in at least two ...

  4. Argument from reason - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_reason

    The argument from reason is a transcendental argument against metaphysical naturalism and for the existence of God (or at least a supernatural being that is the source of human reason). The best-known defender of the argument is C. S. Lewis .

  5. Problem of evil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_evil

    A broad concept of evil defines it as any and all pain and suffering, [15] yet this definition quickly becomes problematic. Marcus Singer says that a usable definition of evil must be based on the knowledge that: "If something is really evil, it can't be necessary, and if it is really necessary, it can't be evil".

  6. Catholic Church and deism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Deism

    A Deist is defined as "One who believes in the existence of a God or Supreme Being but denies revealed religion, basing his belief on the light of nature and reason." [2] Deists generally reject the Trinity, the incarnation, the divine origin and authority of the Bible, miracles, and supernatural forces.

  7. God Is Not Great - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Is_Not_Great

    On this definition of totalitarianism, Hitchens finds the totalitarian principle laden in many non-secular states and regimes. [ 41 ] He analyzes those examples of immorality, and shows that although the individual leaders may have been atheist or agnostic, that religion played a key role in these events, and religious people and religious ...

  8. Christian views on sin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_views_on_sin

    The doctrine of sin is central to the Christian faith, since its basic message is about redemption in Christ. [2] Hamartiology, a branch of Christian theology which is the study of sin, [3] describes sin as an act of offence against God by despising his persons and Christian biblical law, and by injuring others. [4]

  9. Theodicy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodicy

    Immanuel Kant was the first to offer a purely secular theory of evil, giving an evaluative definition of evil based on its cause as having a will that is not fully good. Kant has been an important influence on philosophers like Hannah Arendt , Claudia Card , and Richard Bernstein. [ 17 ] "