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  2. Religious responses to the problem of evil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_responses_to_the...

    [11]: 27 The Bible primarily speaks of sin as moral evil rather than natural or metaphysical evil. [11]: 21 The writers of the Bible take the reality of a spiritual world beyond this world and its containment of hostile spiritual forces for granted. While the post-Enlightenment world does not, the "dark spiritual forces" can be seen as "symbols ...

  3. Criticism of Christianity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity

    However, encounters between Christians and Pagans were sometimes confrontational, and some Christian kings (Charlemagne, Olaf I of Norway) were known for their violence against pagans. In the late Middle Ages, the appearance of the Cathars and Bogomils in Europe laid the stage for the later witch-hunts .

  4. Argument from reason - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_reason

    The argument from reason is a transcendental argument against metaphysical naturalism and for the existence of God (or at least a supernatural being that is the source of human reason). The best-known defender of the argument is C. S. Lewis .

  5. Problem of evil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_evil

    In the second century, Christian theologians attempted to reconcile the problem of evil with an omnipotent, omniscient, omnibenevolent God, by denying that evil exists. Among these theologians, Clement of Alexandria offered several theodicies, of which one was called "privation theory of evil" which was adopted thereafter. [ 61 ]

  6. List of Christian heresies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christian_heresies

    A heresy is a belief or doctrine that is considered to be false or erroneous by one or more Christian denominations, i.e. what is believed to be contrary to the teaching of Christianity. Heresies have been a major source of division and conflict within Christendom throughout its history.

  7. God Is Not Great - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Is_Not_Great

    Chapter Eight: The "New" Testament Exceeds The Evil Of The "Old" One [ edit ] On the subject of a mythical Jesus and the possibility of a historical Jesus in the Gospels, a number of sources on the Internet attribute the controversial quote "Jesus is Santa Claus for adults"' to Hitchens and God Is Not Great, but those words do not appear in ...

  8. Problem of Hell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_Hell

    Christian mortalism is the doctrine that all men and women, including Christians, must die, and do not continue and are not conscious after death. Therefore, annihilationism includes the doctrine that "the wicked" are also destroyed rather than tormented forever in traditional "Hell" or the lake of fire.

  9. Christian views on sin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_views_on_sin

    The doctrine of sin is central to the Christian faith, since its basic message is about redemption in Christ. [2] Hamartiology, a branch of Christian theology which is the study of sin, [3] describes sin as an act of offence against God by despising his persons and Christian biblical law, and by injuring others. [4]