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The book's conceptual framework has a basis in psychological research. Research indicates that the soldier mindset is the default human mode of reasoning in high-stakes situations, while the scout mindset bears similarities to "actively open-minded thinking" as described by the psychologist Jonathan Baron. [14]
Open-mindedness is receptiveness to new ideas. Open-mindedness relates to the way in which people approach the views and knowledge of others. [1] Jason Baehr defines an open-minded person as one who "characteristically moves beyond or temporarily sets aside his own doxastic commitments in order to give a fair and impartial hearing to the intellectual opposition". [2]
The practice of shoshin acts as a counter to the hubris and closed-mindedness often associated with thinking of oneself as an expert. [2] This includes the Einstellung effect , where a person becomes so accustomed to a certain way of doing things that they do not consider or acknowledge new ideas or approaches. [ 3 ]
Openness to experience is one of the domains which are used to describe human personality in the Five Factor Model. [1] [2] Openness involves six facets, or dimensions: active imagination (fantasy), aesthetic sensitivity, attentiveness to inner feelings, preference for variety (adventurousness), intellectual curiosity, and challenging authority (psychological liberalism). [3]
Mind games for self-improvement fall into two main categories. There are mental exercises and puzzles to maintain or improve the actual working of the brain. [13] Mental exercises can be done through simple socializing. [14] Social interaction engages in many facets of cognitive thinking and can facilitate cognitive functioning.
He primarily emphasizes exercise for physical renewal, good prayer, and good reading for mental renewal. He also mentions service to society for spiritual renewal. Covey explains the "upward spiral" model. Through conscience, along with meaningful and consistent progress, an upward spiral will result in growth, change, and constant improvement.
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For men and women, four of the top five signature strengths were the same: open-mindedness, fairness, curiosity, and love of learning. When the means and standard deviations were broken down by gender and age, they were consistent with those reported by U.S. samples. [ 10 ]