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Holmgren articulated twelve permaculture design principles in his Permaculture: Principles and Pathways Beyond Sustainability: [31] Observe and interact: Take time to engage with nature to design solutions that suit a particular situation. [31] Catch and store energy: Develop systems that collect resources at peak abundance for use in times of ...
Principles and Pathways offers twelve key permaculture design principles, each explained in separate chapters. It is regarded as a major landmark in permaculture literature, especially as the seminal work, Bill Mollison's Permaculture: A Designer's Manual (1988) was published fifteen years previously and has never been revised. [10]
Soon after permaculture was first introduced and then put into practice by the public, Mollison recognized that permaculture principles encompassed a movement that included not only agriculture, horticulture, architecture, and ecology, but also economic systems, land access strategies, and legal systems for businesses and communities:
The principles of permaculture were applied to ensure ecosystem balance: flowers were planted, ponds were dug to accommodate frogs and birdhouses were built to naturally control the proliferation of pests. Bee hives have also been installed on the property to promote pollination and mobile chicken coops allow hens to roam from one pasture to ...
His Keyline principles or concepts (Keyline Design) have been adopted by farm owners in almost every country in the world. Yeomans' Keyline concepts are now part of the curriculum of many sustainable agriculture courses in colleges and universities across the world. His ideas have also been a key factor in the development of permaculture design.
Applications of ecological engineering in rural landscapes have included wetland treatment [12] and community reforestation through traditional ecological knowledge. [13] Permaculture is an example of broader applications that have emerged as distinct disciplines from ecological engineering, where David Holmgren cites the influence of Howard ...
The word permaculture originally referred to "permanent agriculture", [10] [11] but was expanded to stand also for "permanent culture", as it was understood that social aspects were integral to a truly sustainable system as inspired by Masanobu Fukuoka's natural farming philosophy. Regenerative design is integral to permaculture design.
Global Gardener is a documentary film series about the permaculture approach to sustainable agriculture.The series was produced by Julian Russell for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation; it premiered on Australian television in 1991.
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