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Pupils at Carlisle Indian Industrial School, Pennsylvania, c. 1900. American Indian boarding schools, also known more recently as American Indian residential schools, were established in the United States from the mid-17th to the early 20th centuries with a primary objective of "civilizing" or assimilating Native American children and youth into Anglo-American culture.
Chrysalis closed 2017; Élan School (Poland, Maine) - closed 2011; Hopevale Union Free School District (boarding ended in 2010, merged into Randolph Academy UFSD in 2011) Iowa Braille and Sight Saving School; Lewisville Female Seminary - closed 1854; Michigan School for the Blind
After the United States entered World War I, however, the school was closed, and the property on which it was located was transferred back for use by the U.S. Department of Defense. The property is now part of the U.S. Army War College , and it was designated a national monument by President Joe Biden in December 2024.
This list is far from complete as recent reports show more than 408 American Indian Boarding Schools in the United States. Additionally, according to the Inaugural Department of the Interior Indian Boarding School report released on May 12, 2022. There were 408 schools in 37 states, and 53 unmarked/marked burial sites in the U.S.
McCormick pushed for the school to be built in Hayward, and published the article, "Many Reasons Why the US Government Indian School Should be Located on Section 15-41-9, near Hayward, Wis." in 1898. [4] The school eventually closed in 1934 during the Great Depression due to its being underfunded, understaffed, and overcrowded. [2]
A documentary chronicling the school's history and impact titled The Last Stop was released in 2017. The film was directed by an Élan graduate and included interviews from various residents and professionals including Maia Szalavitz. [35] [36] [37] Élan is the main location for the events in Joe versus Elan School, a web-based graphic novel ...
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