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  2. Proportional–integral–derivative controller - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proportional–integral...

    A block diagram of a PID controller in a feedback loop. r(t) is the desired process variable (PV) or setpoint (SP), and y(t) is the measured PV. The distinguishing feature of the PID controller is the ability to use the three control terms of proportional, integral and derivative influence on the controller output to apply accurate and optimal ...

  3. Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation...

    The first identification letter is for the measured value, the second is a modifier, 3rd indicates passive/readout function, 4th - active/output function, and the 5th is the function modifier. This is followed by loop number, which is unique to that loop. For instance FIC045 means it is the Flow Indicating Controller in control loop 045.

  4. Control loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_loop

    In this example, a flow control loop is shown, but can be level, temperature, or any one of many process parameters which need to be controlled. The control function shown is an "intermediate type" such as a PID controller which means it can generate a full range of output signals anywhere between 0-100%, rather than just an on/off signal. [1]

  5. Closed-loop controller - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-loop_controller

    Example of a single industrial control loop; showing continuously modulated control of process flow. A closed-loop controller or feedback controller is a control loop which incorporates feedback, in contrast to an open-loop controller or non-feedback controller. A closed-loop controller uses feedback to control states or outputs of a dynamical ...

  6. Ziegler–Nichols method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziegler–Nichols_method

    The Ziegler–Nichols tuning method is a heuristic method of tuning a PID controller.It was developed by John G. Ziegler and Nathaniel B. Nichols.It is performed by setting the I (integral) and D (derivative) gains to zero.

  7. Distributed control system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_control_system

    DCSs are connected to sensors and actuators and use setpoint control to control the flow of material through the plant. A typical application is a PID controller fed by a flow meter and using a control valve as the final control element. The DCS sends the setpoint required by the process to the controller which instructs a valve to operate so ...

  8. Control system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_system

    Example of a single industrial control loop; showing continuously modulated control of process flow. A closed-loop controller or feedback controller is a control loop which incorporates feedback, in contrast to an open-loop controller or non-feedback controller. A closed-loop controller uses feedback to control states or outputs of a dynamical ...

  9. Setpoint (control system) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setpoint_(control_system)

    A setpoint can be any physical quantity or parameter that a control system seeks to regulate, such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, position, speed, or any other measurable attribute. In the context of PID controller , the setpoint represents the reference or goal for the controlled process variable.