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However, the myelin layer does not ensure a perfect regeneration of the nerve fiber. Some regenerated nerve fibers do not find the correct muscle fibers, and some damaged motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system die without regrowth. Damage to the myelin sheath and nerve fiber is often associated with increased functional insufficiency.
Myelin is formed by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.Therefore, the first stage of myelinogenesis is often defined as the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) or Schwann cell progenitors into their mature counterparts, [4] followed by myelin formation around axons.
Once an axon is degenerated, it cannot regenerate like myelin, thus making research to promote remyelination that much more important. MS is more severe in some people than others, most likely from their family genetics and the way that genes are expressed within them. [6] The overall cause for multiple sclerosis itself is completely unknown.
Now, researchers have developed a treatment that can help regenerate myelin around nerve cells, potentially reversing the damage caused by MS. The study is published in the journal Proceedings of ...
Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. [2] Spinal cord injuries alone affect an estimated 10,000 people each year. [ 3 ] As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering , is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of ...
White matter is the tissue through which messages pass between different areas of grey matter within the central nervous system. The white matter is white because of the fatty substance (myelin) that surrounds the nerve fibers (axons). This myelin is found in almost all long nerve fibers, and acts as an electrical insulation.
The size and the spacing of the internodes vary with the fiber diameter in a curvilinear relationship that is optimized for maximal conduction velocity. [5] The size of the nodes span from 1–2 μm whereas the internodes can be up to (and occasionally even greater than)1.5 millimetres long, depending on the axon diameter and fiber type.
Spontaneous myelin repair was first observed in cat models. [49] It was later discovered to occur in the human CNS as well, specifically in cases of multiple sclerosis (MS). [50] Spontaneous myelin repair does not result in morphologically normal oligodendrocytes and is associated with thinner myelin compared to axonal diameter than normal ...