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The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function. The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'. Most cells are only visible under a microscope.
In a large sample of adults of all ages and both sexes, the figure for water fraction by weight was found to be 48 ±6% for females and 58 ±8% water for males. [8] Water is ~11% hydrogen by mass but ~67% hydrogen by atomic percent , and these numbers along with the complementary % numbers for oxygen in water, are the largest contributors to ...
Light micrograph of a moss's leaf cells at 400X magnification. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: . Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death.
Cell type % cell count: Erythrocytes (red blood cells) 84.0 Platelets: 4.9 Bone marrow cells 2.5 Vascular endothelial cells: 2.1 Lymphocytes: 1.5 Hepatocytes: 0.8 Neurons and glia: 0.6 Bronchial endothelial cells: 0.5 Epidermal cells: 0.5 Respiratory interstitial cells: 0.5 Adipocytes (fat cells) 0.2 Dermal fibroblasts: 0.1 Muscle cells: 0.001 ...
The generally accepted parts of modern cell theory include: All known living things are made up of one or more cells [13] All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms. [14] The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent ...
Cells contain hereditary information that is carried forward as a genetic code during cell division. [140] There are two primary types of cells, reflecting their evolutionary origins. Prokaryote cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, although they have circular DNA and ribosomes. Bacteria and Archaea are two domains of ...
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The submicroscopic ground cell substance, or cytoplasmic matrix, that remains after the exclusion of the cell organelles and particles is groundplasm. It is the hyaloplasm of light microscopy, a highly complex, polyphasic system in which all resolvable cytoplasmic elements are suspended, including the larger organelles such as the ribosomes ...