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Methodology can be understood as the middle ground between concrete particular methods and the abstract and general issues discussed by the philosophy of science. [ 11 ] [ 15 ] In this regard, methodology comes after formulating a research question and helps the researchers decide what methods to use in the process.
The answer to a research question will help address a research problem or question. [5] Specifying a research question, "the central issue to be resolved by a formal dissertation, thesis, or research project," [6] is typically one of the first steps an investigator takes when undertaking research.
A thesis (pl.: theses), or dissertation [note 1] (abbreviated diss.), [2] is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings. [3]
The design of a study defines the study type (descriptive, correlational, semi-experimental, experimental, review, meta-analytic) and sub-type (e.g., descriptive-longitudinal case study), research problem, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, experimental design, and, if applicable, data collection methods and a statistical analysis ...
Producing a literature review is often a part of graduate and post-graduate student work, including in the preparation of a thesis, dissertation, or a journal article. Literature reviews are also common in a research proposal or prospectus (the document that is approved before a student formally begins a dissertation or thesis). [1]
These methods produce results that can be summarized, compared, and generalized to larger populations if the data are collected using proper sampling and data collection strategies. [42] Quantitative research is concerned with testing hypotheses derived from theory or being able to estimate the size of a phenomenon of interest.
In scientific writing, IMRAD or IMRaD (/ ˈ ɪ m r æ d /) (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) [1] is a common organizational structure (a document format). IMRaD is the most prominent norm for the structure of a scientific journal article of the original research type.
Methodology, comparison or study and critique of individual methods that are used in a given discipline or field of inquiry; Discourse on the Method, a philosophical and mathematical treatise by René Descartes; Methods, a scientific journal covering research on techniques in the experimental biological and medical sciences