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The Balochistan leopard population in the south of Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan is separated from the northern population by the Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut deserts. [28] Amur leopard (P. p. orientalis) (Schlegel, 1857) [29] [30] It is native to the Russian Far East and northern China, but is locally extinct in the Korean peninsula. [2]
The African leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) is the nominate subspecies of the leopard, native to many countries in Africa. It is widely distributed in most of sub-Saharan Africa , but the historical range has been fragmented in the course of habitat conversion .
The state of Karnataka alone is home to 22% of the elephants, 18% of the tigers and 14% of the leopards in India. The Northeast Indian states of Assam , Arunachal Pradesh , Mizoram , Meghalaya and Tripura together with West Bengal account for 30% of the elephants and 5% of the tiger population.
The Indian leopard has strong legs and a long, well-formed tail, broad muzzle, short ears, small, yellowish-grey eyes, and light-grey ocular bulbs. [2] Its coat is spotted and rosetted on a pale yellow to yellowish-brown or golden background, except for the melanistic forms; the spots fade toward the white underbelly and the insides and lower parts of the legs.
As of 2023, the population was thought to comprise 128–130 sub-adult and adult individuals. [6] Results of genetic research indicate that the Amur leopard is genetically close to leopards in northern China and Korea, suggesting that the leopard population in this region became fragmented in the early 20th century. [7]
The Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr) is the smallest leopard subspecies. It was described in 1830 and is native to the Arabian Peninsula, where it was widely distributed in rugged hilly and montane terrain until the late 1970s. Today, the population is severely fragmented and thought to decline continuously.
Leopards were also photographed in a protected area in Sefid Kuh, Kermanshah in 2020. [52] Between September 2014 and August 2016, two radio-collared leopards moved from Iran's Kopet Dag region into Turkmenistan, revealing that the leopard population in the two countries is connected. [53]
However, alleged leopard sightings are still being reported, and islanders believe that the Zanzibar leopard is still alive. [16] By the mid-1990s, the Zanzibar leopard population was considered extinct. [17] In 1997 and 2001, rumors circulated about the discovery of leopard scat, but both samples were lost before they could be analyzed. [5]