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Reactive nitrogen ("Nr"), also known as fixed nitrogen [1], refers to all forms of nitrogen present in the environment except for molecular nitrogen (N 2 ). [ 2 ] While nitrogen is an essential element for life on Earth, molecular nitrogen is comparatively unreactive, and must be converted to other chemical forms via nitrogen fixation before it ...
Reactive nitrogen species act together with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to damage cells, causing nitrosative stress. Therefore, these two species are often collectively referred to as ROS/RNS. Reactive nitrogen species are also continuously produced in plants as by-products of aerobic metabolism or in response to stress. [3]
The nitrogen cycle is an important process in the ocean as well. While the overall cycle is similar, there are different players [40] and modes of transfer for nitrogen in the ocean. Nitrogen enters the water through the precipitation, runoff, or as N 2 from the atmosphere. Nitrogen cannot be utilized by phytoplankton as N
The nitrogen cycle is as important in the ocean as it is on land. While the overall cycle is similar in both cases, there are different players and modes of transfer for nitrogen in the ocean. [81] Nitrogen enters the ocean through precipitation, runoff, or as N 2 from the atmosphere. Nitrogen cannot be utilized by phytoplankton as N 2 so it ...
Arsenic can cause oxidative stress through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). [28] Reactive oxygen species are produced by the enzyme NADPH oxidase, which transfers electrons from NADPH to oxygen, synthesizing a superoxide, which is a reactive free radical. This superoxide can react to form ...
Certainly, there are some food items and recipes you want to avoid cooking in a cast-iron skillet. Enameled cast iron, however, is unique, and cooks are fond of it for its versatility, which is ...
A federal appeals court ruled that the Justice Department can release a report on Donald Trump’s efforts to overturn his 2020 election loss, but kept in place a judge's order requiring a three ...
A bioreactor containing the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis. Anammox, an abbreviation for "anaerobic ammonium oxidation", is a globally important microbial process of the nitrogen cycle [1] that takes place in many natural environments.