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The average thermal insulance of the "bridged" layer depends upon the fraction of the area taken up by the mortar in comparison with the fraction of the area taken up by the light concrete blocks. To calculate thermal transmittance when there are "bridging" mortar joints it is necessary to calculate two quantities, known as R max and R min.
William Henry Playfair, University of Edinburgh: bevelled edges of each stone block emphasise the voussoirs, which have a curved base and together form a semi-circle at the top of each arch. A voussoir ( / v u ˈ s w ɑːr / ) is a wedge-shaped element, typically a stone, which is used in building an arch or vault .
This is the simplest arrangement of masonry units. If the wall is two wythes thick, one header is used to bind the two wythes together. [3] Header course: This is a course made up of a row of headers. [1] Bond course: This is a course of headers that bond the facing masonry to the backing masonry. [1] Plinth: The bottom course of a wall.
A load-bearing wall or bearing wall is a wall that is an active structural element of a building — that is, it bears the weight of the elements above said wall, resting upon it by conducting its weight to a foundation structure. [1] The materials most often used to construct load-bearing walls in large buildings are concrete, block, or brick.
Quoins (/ k ɔɪ n / or / k w ɔɪ n /) are masonry blocks at the corner of a wall. [1] Some are structural, providing strength for a wall made with inferior stone or rubble , [ 2 ] while others merely add aesthetic detail to a corner. [ 3 ]
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