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The sponge and dough method is a two-step bread making process: in the first step a sponge is made and allowed to ferment for a period of time, and in the second step the sponge is added to the final dough's ingredients, [1] creating the total formula. [2] In this usage, synonyms for sponge are yeast starter or yeast pre-ferment.
In Los Angeles, its campus is 38,000 square feet with teaching kitchens, academic classrooms, and a learning resource center. [11] [8] The faculty at Institute of Culinary Education includes chefs trained internationally and have included Barry Tonkinson, [17] Herve Malivert, [18] Michael Laiskonis, [19] Penny Stankiewicz, [20] and Rick Camac. [21]
Suas began baking at age 14 in Brittany, France. [1] At age 21 he became head pastry chef at Barrier, a Michelin Guide three-star restaurant in Tours, France. [1] Several years later Suas and his wife immigrated to the United States and toured the country in a Volkswagen van, ending up in San Francisco in 1987, which was in the midst of a "bread revolution". [2]
Pastry refers to a variety of doughs (often enriched with fat or eggs), as well as the sweet and savoury baked goods made from them. [1] [2] [3] These goods are often called pastries as a synecdoche, and the dough may be accordingly called pastry dough for clarity. [4] Sweetened pastries are often described as bakers' confectionery.
The school was founded in 1995 by master pastry chefs Jacquy Pfeiffer and Sébastien Canonne, M.O.F. [1] [3] Pfeiffer and Canonne met in Chicago in 1992, where they discussed the lack of a serious pastry school in the US. [1] They formed the school in order to teach traditional French pastry making, based on the European master-apprentice model ...
In baking, a crust is the outer, hard skin of bread or the shell of a pie. Generally, it is made up of at least shortening or another fat, water, flour, and salt. [1] It may also include milk, sugar, or other ingredients that contribute to the taste or texture. An egg or milk wash can be used to decorate the outside, as well as coarse sugar.
In a recipe, the baker's percentage for water is referred to as the "hydration"; it is indicative of the stickiness of the dough and the "crumb" of the bread. Lower hydration rates (e.g., 50–57%) are typical for bagels and pretzels , and medium hydration levels (58–65%) are typical for breads and rolls . [ 25 ]
A pâtisserie (French:), patisserie in English or pastry shop in American English, is a type of bakery that specializes in pastries and sweets. In French , the word pâtisserie also denotes a pastry as well as pastry-making.