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  2. Mpemba effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpemba_effect

    Evaporation: The evaporation of the warmer water reduces the mass of the water to be frozen. [22] Evaporation is endothermic, meaning that the water mass is cooled by vapor carrying away the heat, but this alone probably does not account for the entirety of the effect. [5] Convection, accelerating heat transfers: Reduction of water density ...

  3. Leidenfrost effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leidenfrost_effect

    Leidenfrost droplet Demonstration of the Leidenfrost effect Leidenfrost effect of a single drop of water. The Leidenfrost effect is a physical phenomenon in which a liquid, close to a solid surface of another body that is significantly hotter than the liquid's boiling point, produces an insulating vapor layer that keeps the liquid from boiling rapidly.

  4. Vacuum evaporation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_evaporation

    The vacuum evaporation treatment process consists of reducing the interior pressure of the evaporation chamber below atmospheric pressure. This reduces the boiling point of the liquid to be evaporated, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for heat in both the boiling and condensation processes.

  5. Ebullism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebullism

    Ebullism is the formation of water vapour bubbles in bodily fluids due to reduced environmental pressure, usually at extreme high altitude.It occurs because a system of liquid and gas at equilibrium will see a net conversion of liquid to gas as pressure lowers; for example, liquids reach their boiling points at lower temperatures when the pressure on them is lowered. [1]

  6. Evaporation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation

    Evaporation is an essential part of the water cycle. The sun (solar energy) drives evaporation of water from oceans, lakes, moisture in the soil, and other sources of water. In hydrology, evaporation and transpiration (which involves evaporation within plant stomata) are collectively termed evapotranspiration. Evaporation of water occurs when ...

  7. Antifreeze - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifreeze

    An antifreeze is an additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid. An antifreeze mixture is used to achieve freezing-point depression for cold environments. Common antifreezes also increase the boiling point of the liquid, allowing higher coolant temperature. [1]

  8. Zeotropic mixture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeotropic_mixture

    For example, a zeotropic mixture ABC can be first separated into A and BC before separating BC to B and C. [14] On the other hand, mixture ABC can be first separated into AB and C, and AB can lastly be separated into A and B. [14] These two configurations are sharp-split configurations in which the intermediate boiling substance does not ...

  9. Evaporator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporator

    Typically, the vapor is passed over a cold finger or coil so that the vaporized material does not damage the pump. The rotary evaporator is best used for removing solvent from solutions containing the desired product that will not vaporize at the operating pressure to separate the volatile components of a mixture from non-volatile materials.