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  2. Geosynthetic clay liner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosynthetic_clay_liner

    Bentonite clay, adhesives, geotextiles and/or geomembranes: Native soils or blends of soil and bentonite clay Construction: Factory manufactured and then installed in the field: Construction and/or amended in the field Thickness ~ 6 mm: 300 to 900 mm Hydraulic conductivity of clay [6] 10 −10 to 10 −12 m/s: 10 −9 to 10 −10 m/s Speed and ...

  3. List of countries by bentonite production - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    Bentonite usually forms from weathering of volcanic ash, most often in the presence of water. However, the term bentonite, as well as a similar clay called tonstein, have been used for clay beds of uncertain origin. For industrial purposes, two main classes of bentonite exist: sodium bentonite and calcium bentonite.

  4. Bentonite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentonite

    Bentonite layers from an ancient deposit of weathered volcanic ash tuff in Wyoming Gray shale and bentonites (Benton Shale; Colorado Springs, Colorado). Bentonite (/ ˈ b ɛ n t ə n aɪ t / BEN-tə-nyte) [1] [2] is an absorbent swelling clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite (a type of smectite) which can either be Na-montmorillonite or Ca-montmorillonite.

  5. Landfill liner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill_liner

    The geosynthetic clay liners are manufactured by factories and the purpose for it being made of sodium bentonite is that they regulate the movement of liquids in gases within the waste. [6] The geocomposites which are a combination of the geomembranes and geosynthetic liner material also include a layer of bentonite between the middle of the ...

  6. Deicke and Millbrig bentonite layers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deicke_and_Millbrig...

    Several different types of bentonite can be found; however, potassium bentonite is the main one associated with the Deicke and Millbrig eruptions. The Deicke and Millbrig K-bentonite layers can be found from Alabama to New York to Minnesota. These K-bentonite layers are up to a meter thick in some locations. [8] Such thickness is unique.

  7. Elgin-Butler Brick Company - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elgin-Butler_Brick_Company

    The town's population reached about 150 and the company also mined clay from a site now in the [Butler Shores] on the east side of Barton Creek next to the now Zilker Park soccer fields in Austin. On the Butler Shores Brick Plant location clay was transported in buckets hung from mule-drawn lines to kilns on the north bank of the Colorado River ...

  8. Expanded clay aggregate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_clay_aggregate

    Lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) or expanded clay (exclay) is a lightweight aggregate made by heating clay to around 1,200 °C (2,190 °F) in a rotary kiln. The heating process causes gases trapped in the clay to expand, forming thousands of small bubbles and giving the material a porous structure.

  9. Building material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_material

    Clay blocks (sometimes called clay block brick) being laid with an adhesive rather than mortar. Bricks are made in a similar way to mud-bricks except without the fibrous binder such as straw and are fired ("burned" in a brick clamp or kiln) after they have air-dried to permanently harden them. Kiln fired clay bricks are a ceramic material ...