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Neuropathic pain has profound physiological effects on the brain which can manifest as psychological disorders. Rodent models where the social effects of chronic pain can be isolated from other factors suggest that induction of chronic pain can cause anxio-depressive symptoms and that particular circuits in the brain have a direct connection.
Pain psychology involves the implementation of treatments for chronic pain. Pain psychology can also be regarded as a branch of medical psychology, as many conditions associated with chronic pain have significant medical outcomes. Untreated pain or ineffective treatment of pain can result in symptoms of anxiety and depression, thus it is vital ...
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A 2015 review on the treatment of neuropathic pain with psychological therapy concluded that "There is insufficient evidence of the efficacy and safety of psychological interventions for chronic neuropathic pain. The two available studies show no benefit of treatment over either waiting list or placebo control groups."
The term "psychogenic pain" has begun to fall out of relevance in the scientific community, due to the implication that the pain is entirely psychological and thus not "real". [11] The change in preferred nomenclature can be traced to 1994 when the DSM-IV removed the term in favor of the more holistic "Pain Disorder" section. [4]
Mental disorders can amplify pain signals and make symptoms more severe. [134] In addition, comorbid psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder, can significantly delay the diagnosis of pain disorders. [135] Major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder are the most common comorbidities associated with chronic pain.
Treatment approaches to chronic pain include pharmacological measures, such as analgesics (pain killer drugs), antidepressants, and anticonvulsants; interventional procedures, physical therapy, physical exercise, application of ice or heat; and psychological measures, such as biofeedback and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Gabapentin is recommended as a first-line treatment for chronic neuropathic pain by various medical authorities. [10] [11] [30] [31] This is a general recommendation applicable to all neuropathic pain syndromes except for trigeminal neuralgia, where it may be used as a second- or third-line agent. [11] [31]
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